System Analysis in the Environmental Science
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2011vol1.911Keywords:
Environmental science, biosphere, complex environment systems, ecology, environmental education, technosphereAbstract
The paper discusses the essence, structure, research objects, methods and aims of the environmental science. Due to interdisciplinary character of the environmental science, large scale term and vague boundaries with other sciences there are various definitions of environmental science and different concepts, sometime delusions in research fields and methods . Author analysed the current location of research objects in environmental science and their connection with other sciences and came to conclusion that up to nowadays there are not developed essential part of every independent science yet – general theoretical base of environmental science. It is necessary to find out perfect proper research fields and objects of environmental science, which differ from other natural , and technical sciencies. Analysis showed that the objects of environmental science must be neither nature nor technology itself but only contact zones between technosphere and biosphere –namely, between systems – technosystems and ecosystems . Exactly in these contact zones arises most environmental problems , conflicts and stresses between human activities and nature. The properties and processes in these zones obey to laws which must be determined, interpreted and used for mankind wealth. It is the aim of environmental science and the complex system analysis must be essential research methodology and accordingly system engineering as instrument for solving practical environmental problems.Downloads
References
http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Environmental_Science
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/environmental_science
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_environmental_science
http://www.newagepublishers.com/samplechapter/001281.pdf
Keller Edward,A., Essential Environmental Science, 2008.
Anger ,E.D.,Smith B.F.,Environmental Science: A Study of interrelationships, 1995.
Jorgensen, S. E.,I.Johnson.,Principles of Environmental Science and Technology 1989.
Annotations of Latvia science sectors and subsectors ,1999., Latvia Council of Science act. (in Latvian).
Nomenclature of doctors‟of science degrees ,1998.,Latvia Council of Science act. (in Latvian).
Latvia education classification Regulations issued by the Cabinet of Ministers Nr 2675.
Cunningham, W. P.,Cunningham,M., Environmental Global Concern, 2008.
Haeckel, E., Art Form of Nature ,1866.
Warming, E.,Vahl,M., Oecology of Plants –an Introduction to the Study of Plant-communities, 1925.
Andrewartha ,H.G., Birch ,L.C., The Ecological Web, 1984.
Odum,E.P., The strategy of Ecosystems Development. Science 164, 1961,pp.262-270.
Kelly, Evelyn B., The Rise of Environmental Science, 2005
Walonic,D.S., General Systems Theory, 1993
Mitchell, M., Complexity. A Guided Tour , 2009.
Rihani, S., Complex Systems Theory and Development Practice, 2002
Mitchell,M.,Newman, M., Complex Systems Theory and Evolution, 2002
Theilard de Chardin, The Phenomenon of Man, 1965
Vernadsky ,V.V., Some Words about Noosphere, Uspehi sovremenoi biologii, 1944, pp.113-120.
Bertalanffy,K.L. General System Theory. Foundations, Development, Applications, 1968
Prigogine, I., Self- Organization in Non-Equilibrium Systems, 1977
Altshuller,G., To Find Idea. Introduction in Solving Innovation Problem, 2003, (in Russian).
Hofstetter, P., Perspectives in Life Cycle Impact Assessment; A Structured Approach to Combine Models of the Technosphere, Ecosphere and Valuesphere, 1998
Hofstetter, P., Braunschweig A., Mettier M., Müller-Wenk R., Tietje O., Dominance Analysis in the Mixing Triangle, A Graphical Decision Support Tool for Product Comparisons. The Journal of Industrial Ecology, 1999
Noviks,G., Environmentally Sustainable Technologies and Environmental quality indicators. International conference” City Environment Proceedings. 2000, pp. 4-12.
Noviks, G., Development of Ecotechnology Complex Analysis System, Rēzeknes augstskolas zinātniskie raksti, 2003, pp.97-111,(in Latvian).
Noviks, G., Motivation of waste treatment technology optimization. Environment. Technology .Resources. VI International scientific conference proceedings, 2007, pp.87-101., (in Latvian).
Noviks,G., Ecotechnology- Physical and Technical Substantation of Pyrolysis . Environment. Technology. Resources. IV International scientific conference proceedings, 2003, pp.191-201, (in Latvian).
