WATER SPRINGS AS A RESOURCE FOR NATURE TOURISM IN LATVIA: A TOURIST PERSPECTIVE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol1.6614Keywords:
Water Spring Tourism, Sacred Water, Tourist Motivation, LatviaAbstract
Water springs are considered as one of the important natural resource for tourism due to its socio-economic, cultural, health and religious benefits. Tourists are motivated to visit the water springs due to various reasons like sacredness, health benefits, education and cultural enrichment. Latvia is blessed with several water springs, which are potential attractions for the sacred water or holy water tourism. There are several studies conducted on various aspects of water springs in general. However, the research in the context of tourism, particularly motivations and interest of tourist is very scant. In this regard, aim of the paper is to know the motivations and potential benefits of the water spring tourism to tourist in Latvia. Initially authors reviewed existing literature to know the state of the spring tourism. Semi structured interviews and online-survey method to obtain visitors responses. Interviews were held with the visitor, covering various aspects like motivations and benefits of water spring tourism. To the best of the author’s knowledge, very few studies conducted on spring tourism in Latvia, to provide a detailed overview on tourist motivations and potential benefits of visiting water spring tourism. Overall, the study results provide the basis for understanding the most frequently visited water spring resources by the tourists in Latvia. Nature appreciation, natural setting followed by mineral and health benefits are the major reasons to visit the water springs. Further, it allows decision makers to incorporate tourist opinion and their suggestions in the sustainable planning, promotion and management of water springs as tourist destinations in Latvia.
Downloads
References
B. Kiełczawa, “Short history of thermal healing bathing,” in Geothermal Water Management, 2018, pp. 303-318.
I. B. Fridleifsson, “Geothermal energy for the benefit of the people,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 299-312, 2001.
L. Coltelli, “Leslie Marmon Silko's Sacred Water,” in Studies in American Indian Literatures, 1996, pp. 21-29.
R. Bhutiani, D. R. Khanna, D. B. Kulkarni, M. Ruhela, “Assessment of Ganga River ecosystem at Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India with reference to water quality indices,” Applied Water Science, vol. 6, pp. 107–113, 2016.
D. Chandrasekharam, “A prehistoric view of the thermal springs of India,” presented at World, Geothermal Congress, 1999, pp. 385-388.
V. E Hart, “The Waters and Water Spirits,” in Votian Folk Beliefs, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 6-37, 1999.
F. Türkmen, “BatıAnadolu’daDoğumdanÖlümeBazıİnanmalarÜzerine,” in Türk Dili veEdebiyatıAraştırmalarıDergisi, 1991, pp. 2-7.
E. Akman, “TürkveDünyaKültüründekiSuKültüÜzerineDüşünceler,” in KastamonuEğitimDergisi, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2002.
M. N. Önal, “DağKültü, ErenKültüveŞenliklerininMuğla’dakiYansımaları,” Bilig. 25, 2003.
R. Wild, C. McLeod, “Sacred Natural Sites: Guidelines for Protected Area Managers,” in International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland, 2008.
N. Dudley, Z. L. Higgins, S. Mansourian, “The links between protected areas, faiths, and sacred natural sites,” Conservation Biology, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 568-577, 2009.
C. F. Lee, B. E. King, “Using the Delphi method to assess the potential of Taiwan's hot springs tourism sector,” International Journal of Tourism Research, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 341-352, 2008.
C. F. Lee, B. E. King, “Assessing destination competitiveness: An application to the hot springs tourism sector,” Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 179-197, 2006.
P. Erfurt-Cooper, “The importance of natural geothermal resources in tourism,” In proceedings World Geothermal Congress, 2010, pp. 1-10.
Y. Mansfeld, O. Winckler, “Can this be spring? Assessing the impact of the “Arab Spring” on the Arab tourism industry,” Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 205-223, 2015.
C. Ryan, “Motives, behaviours, body and mind,” In The tourist experience, 2002, pp. 27-57.
J. Digance, “Pilgrimage at contested sites,” Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 143-159, 2003.
M. Eliade, Myth and reality. London: Allen & Unwin, 1964.
J. Hannaford, J. Newton, “Sacrifice, grief and the sacred at the contemporary ‘secular’ pilgrimage to Gallipoli,” Borderlands e-journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2008.
P. J. Margry, “Secular pilgrimage: a contradiction in terms?” In Shrines and pilgrimage in the modern world: New itineraries into the sacred, 2008, pp. 13-46.
J. Dubisch, In a different place: Pilgrimage, gender, and politics at a greek island shrine, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995.
N. Collins-Kreiner, “Research pilgrimage: Continuity and transformation,” Annals of Tourism Research, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 440–456, 2010.
N. Altman, The Spiritual Source of Life Sacred Water, 2002.
M. Eliade, “Sularvesusimgeleri,” in DinlerTarihineGiriş. Çev. Lale Arslan, İstanbul, 2003.
Y.A Absalyamova, “The Cult of Sacred Springs among the Bashkir,” Shaman, Budapest, vol. 27, pp. 45-53, 2019.
K.M Akhmedenov, “Assessment of the Prospects of Springs in Western Kazakhstan for Use in Religious Tourism,” Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 958-965, 2020.
J. H Håland, “Water sources and the sacred in modern and ancient Greece and beyond,” Water History, vol. 1, pp. 83-108, 2009.
T. J. Baker, B. Cullen, L. Debevec, Y. Abebe, “A socio-hydrological approach for incorporating gender into biophysical models and implications for water resources research,” Applied Geography, vol. 62, pp. 325-338, 2015.
J. W. Lund, “Historical impact of geothermal resources on the people of North America,” in Stories from a heated Earth, our geothermal heritage, Geothermal Resources Council, Davis, CA, pp. 451–478, 1999.
S. Melanie, “Baltic Health Tourism: Uniqueness and Commonalities,” Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 357-379, 2015. DOI: 10.1080/15022250.2015.1024819.
E. Guntis, Alas Latvijā, Rīga: Zvaigzne ABC 76.lpp, 2004.
G.Urtāns, Gūtmaņa ala senākais tūrisma objekts Latvijā. Eiropas kultūras mantojuma dienas 2008. Neparastais mantojums. Rīga: Valsts kultūras pieminekļu aizsardzības inspekcija. 54.-55. Lpp.
O.Āboltiņš, G.Eniņš, Gaujas senieleja. 1979. Rīga: Liesma.136.lpp.
Siguldas alas Vaduguns 1973.09.20 (Balvi)
Siguldas alas Za PobeduKommuņizma 1973.09.27 (Ludza)
Kuršs, V., Eniņš, G., Stinkule, A., Straume, J., &Venska, V. Ģeoloģiskie objekti Gaujas nacionālajā parkā. 1989. Rīga: Zinātne, 5.lpp.
Klepers, A. 2021. Apmeklētāju plūsmas uzskaites un visaptveroša monitoringa sistēmas izveide īpaši aizsargājamās dabas teritorijās - Natura 2000 vietās Latvijā (Latvian). Vidzemes Augstskola.
Heervagen Ludvig Vella ceplis. Mājas viesis. 1864. 13.janv. (Nr.2) 15.-16.lpp.
Laime Sandis, Svētā pazeme, Rīga: Zinātne, 474.lpp, 2009.
A. Livina, M. Reddy, “Nature Park as a Resource for Nature Based Tourism,” in Environment Technologies Resources, Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, vol. 1, pp. 179-183, 2017.
I. Berzina, A. Livina, “The Model on Estimating Economic Benefit of Nature-based Tourism Services of Territories of National Parks, Latvia,” in 4th International Conference on Educational Technologies, Corfu: Greece University, Corfu, pp. 100-105, 2009.
V. Kaushal, S. Sharma, G. M. Reddy, “A structural analysis of destination brand equity in mountainous tourism destination in northern India,” Tourism and Hospitality Research, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 452-464, 2019.
M. R. Gavinolla, V. Kaushal, A. Livina, S.K Swain, H. Kumar, “Sustainable consumption and production of wildlife tourism in Indian tiger reserves: a critical analysis,” Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 2021,. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-08-2020-0091
Z. Dumpe “Latvijas avotu sabiedriskā monitoringa vadlīnijas” 2017. Latvijas Universitāte. Maģistra darbs
Liepājas pilsētas dome. “Liepājas kūrorta attīstības koncepcija 2015.-2020.gadam”.